Wednesday, December 25, 2013

bible3 Faith 3

Sin and Forgiveness


       Just as he redefined hell, so Blake redefined sin. The only sin for Blake consisted in hindering, oneself or another: "Murder is Hindering Another, Theft is Hindering Another." To subvert one's individuality is the sin against the Holy Spirit. "He who desires but acts not, breeds pestilence".

       The responsibility for hindering another falls upon the Lawmaker and Enforcer, who has polluted life with his prohibitions: "over the doors Thou shalt not". One could say that Blake took Paul's letters to the Romans and to the Galatians too seriously. Luther had taken those epistles seriously enough to throw off the Roman yoke. Blake took them more radically and threw off the mosaic yoke--as Paul had suggested.

       Paul had identified the Law with the flesh and opposed it with the Spirit. Our poet took with utmost seriousness these stirring passages calling the Christian to freedom from the Law. He didn't have the benefit of the 'interpretations' of such ideas afforded by the educational process. Sin stems from our ideas of morality, which Blake called hindering. When we presume to know what someone else should or must do, we have entered the state of Caiaphas, the Pharisee, who crucified Jesus, but "was in his own Mind/a benefactor to Mankind."
Jerusalem Plate 1

       We lay down the law to another--our law--and thus violate the other's nature: "One law for the Lion and Ox is Oppression". We tell him what to do, and then we use the power of the Accuser, the God of this World, to compel him to do it and to punish him for his failures. This is sin, the way life happens in Ulro. As we have seen, Blake didn't call it life, he called it Eternal Death. Paul had said, "The wages of sin is death but the gift of God is eternal life."

       The categories of sin and righteousness divide mankind. The division often proceeds to the point of physical violence. Corporeal war always rests upon a base of self righteousness and condemnation of the sins of the enemy. Religion too often allies itself with those attitudes and their violent results. Long before the peaceniks of the sixties Blake said in effect, "Make love, not war!" He said it at great length in dozens of different ways. He saw war as the ultimate end of hindering another.  In the Book of Urizen we read how Urizen, the great Lawgiver (who lives in all of us!) discovers that none of his children can obey his laws, "for he saw that no flesh nor spirit could keep His iron laws one moment".

       So we see that Blake opposed the idea of sin; he opposed morality; he opposed Law. Parodoxically Blake lived a very law abiding life. Only such a person can afford the luxury of antinomianism without losing his integrity. For example Blake despised the marriage laws--and lived as a faithful and dutiful husband for forty years. But beyond the surface absurdities of his anarchism Blake tells us something profound about life: Goodness cannot be compelled; goodness grows only in a context of freedom. "To the pure all things are pure". Blake was basically pure; one of his mottoes was "everything that lives is holy". That in itself would have been enough to make him famous.

       If we can suspend our judgments about people's conduct and stop tormenting ourselves because of our failures to do the good which we have laid upon ourselves, if we can accept what we have called bad, but which may be simply disowned facets of our true nature, in Blake's terminology if we can forgive, then we can put sin behind us and receive the gift of eternal life. Blake, drinking deeply from the primary fountains of scripture, intuitively expressed these universal truths in poetic terms. 100 years later Jung came along and clothed them with the respectability of a scientific jargon.)

      From what has been said it is obvious that Blake didn't believe in Sin as it is commonly understood: "Satan thinks that Sin is displeasing to God; he ought to know that Nothing is displeasing to God but Unbelief & Eating of the Tree of Knowledge of Good & Evil".  (VLJ)

Jerusalem, Blake's symbol of the redeemed and pure consciousness, speaking to Vala, his symbol of the fallen mind, expressed Blake's candid evaluation of Sin as such: "Oh Vala...what is sin but a little error & fault that is soon forgiven?" (Jerusalem 20:23-25)

      If the primary moral wrong is hindering, the primary grace is forgiveness. Redemption came for Blake when forgiveness first entered the horizon of his vision; it increasingly came to dominate it. Prior to 1800 with all his denunciations of Urizen, the Restrainer, and of morality Blake was growing more and more into the role of judge. He was becoming in fact a judge of judges. The later Lambeth books witness the resultant decrease in vitality; in the language of Zion he suffered a loss of faith. It coincided with a slowly dawning realization that Urizen had infested his own mind all the while he was denouncing him in others. There awakened in his mind a new awareness of sin, a sin more basic than hindering others, or rather an awareness of the inner cause of hindering. He called it the Selfhood, the Spectre, Satan. As many of us have since that day, Blake realized that he saw the God-playing in others because he was so good at it himself. This new vision of his Selfhood led to the Moment of Grace.

     At Felpham, in the major crisis of his life, he faced the need to forgive both the impositions of his corporeal friend, Hayley, and the resentful thunderer, William Blake, as well. The appearance of his first Vision of Light marks the coming of Christ into his life with the power of this forgiveness; henceforth he called him Jesus, the Forgiveness.

      The old urizenic monstrosity that had haunted him, first in the outer world and increasingly as a component of his own psyche, was recognized, accepted, subdued, and forgiven. It was undoubtedly the greatest event of his life, a new birth of hope at the age of 43. He shared with us the psychic unfolding of this experience in Night vii of 'The Four Zoas' where Los embraces his Spectre (equivalent to Jung's acceptance of the shadow) and soon thereafter finds Urizen miraculously changed:

       Startled was Los; he found his Enemy Urizen now In his hands; he wonder'd that he felt love & not hate. His whole soul loved him; he beheld him an infant Lovely....

       Has anyone better portrayed the psychodynamics of forgiveness? In order to forgive you first withdraw the projection, then you forgive yourself. It's your baby!

       We can't say that's the end of the story; in Night viii Urizen continues to afflict life with his judgments, hostility and violence; Satan comes forth from his War. The Saviour dies for him, and we are still waiting for the ultimate victory. Nor was Blake himself fully delivered from the resentments and self justifications of the old man. Hard times ahead, the deceitfulness and opprobrium of others continued to afflict and to warp his psyche and caused him to participate in sin (mostly by suffering through the sins of others against him), but now he knew the answer: through recurring awareness and Self-annihilation he could forgive again and again. The wheat and tares continued to grow together.

Tuesday, December 10, 2013

Garments



We may suppose that the Eternals are naked. Falling down the right path

they are provided with a garment as shown in The Arlington Tempera






This picture is more or less 'the whole deal:

In the case of the nymphs they have diaphanous clothing; after descending to the Sea they receive their worldly garments at the hands of the 'writhing group' (Digby's term) busy with their spinning and weaving. You might call the garment they provide your personhood.




(George W. Digby with his Symbol and Image in WB has an extended discussion of the Arlington Tempera. It shows much clearer than my posts the relationship of spinning and weaving to Garments.)


Four Zoas Erdman 302:

Wondring she saw her woof begin to animate. & not

As Garments woven subservient to her hands but having a will

Of its own perverse & wayward Enion lovd & wept

Nine days she labourd at her work. & nine dark sleepless nights"

"Terrified & drinking tears of woe

Shuddring she wove--nine days & nights

Sleepless her food was tears





Milton "PLATE 18 [20]

......

And thus the Shadowy Female howls in articulate howlings

I will lament over Milton in the lamentations of the afflicted

My Garments shall be woven of sighs & heart broken lamentations

The misery of unhappy Families shall be drawn out into its border

Wrought with the needle with dire sufferings poverty pain & woe

.......................

For I will put on the Human Form & take the Image of God

Even Pity & Humanity but my Clothing shall be Cruelty

And I will put on Holiness as a breastplate & as a helmet

And all my ornaments shall be of the gold of broken hearts

And the precious stones of anxiety & care & desperation & death

And repentance for sin & sorrow & punishment & fear

To defend me from thy terrors O Orc! my only beloved!


Ephesians 6:

[14] Stand therefore, having your loins girt about with truth, and having on the breastplate of righteousness;

[15] And your feet shod with the preparation of the gospel of peace;

[16] Above all, taking the shield of faith, wherewith ye shall be able to quench all the fiery darts of the wicked.

[17] And take the helmet of salvation, and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God:


Milton Plate 18 (Erdman 111-12):

"Orc answerd. Take not the Human Form O loveliest.

........

Wherefore dost thou Create & Weave this Satan for a Covering[?]

When thou attemptest to put on the Human Form, my wrath

Burns to the top of heaven against thee in Jealousy & Fear.

Then I rend thee asunder, then I howl over thy clay & ashes

When wilt thou put on the Female Form as in times of old

With a Garment of Pity & Compassion like the Garment of God

His garments are long sufferings for the Children of Men

Jerusalem is his Garment & not thy Covering Cherub O lovely

Shadow of my delight who wanderest seeking for the prey.

So spoke Orc"


PLATE 26 [28] of Milton

These are the Sons of Los, & these the Labourers of the Vintage

Thou seest the gorgeous clothed Flies that dance & sport in

summer

Upon the sunny brooks & meadows: every one the dance

Knows in its intricate mazes of delight artful to weave:

Each one to sound his instruments of music in the dance,

To touch each other & recede; to cross & change & return

These are the Children of Los; thou seest the Trees on mountains

The wind blows heavy, loud they thunder thro' the darksom sky

Uttering prophecies & speaking instructive words to the sons

Of men: These are the Sons of Los! These the Visions of Eternity

But we see only as it were the hem of their garments

When with our vegetable eyes we view these wond'rous Visions

(Erdman 123)


Matthew 14:

32] And when they were come into the ship, the wind ceased.

[33] Then they that were in the ship came and worshipped him, saying, Of a truth thou art the Son of God.

[34] And when they were gone over, they came into the land of Gennesaret.

[35] And when the men of that place had knowledge of him, they sent out into all that country round about, and brought unto him all that were diseased;

[36] And besought him that they might only touch the hem of his garment: and as many as touched were made perfectly whole.


Jerusalem Plate 66:

The Daughters of Albion clothed in garments of needle work

Strip them off from their shoulders and bosoms, they lay aside

Their garments; they sit naked upon the Stone of trial.

Los beheld in terror: he pour 'd his loud storms on the Furnaces:

(Erdman 218)










Monday, December 9, 2013

bible3 Eternity


The Couch of Death in Poetical Sketches
" The traveller that hath taken shelter under an oak, eyes
the distant country with joy! Such smiles were seen upon the
face of the youth! a visionary hand wiped away his tears, and a
ray of light beamed around his head! All was still. The moon
hung not out her lamp, and the stars faintly glimmered in the
summer sky; the breath of night slept among the leaves of the
forest; the bosom of the lofty hill drank in the silent dew,
while on his majestic brow the voice of Angels is heard, and
stringed sounds ride upon the wings of night. The sorrowful pair
lift up their heads, hovering Angels are around them, voices of
comfort are heard over the Couch of Death, and the youth breathes
out his soul with joy into eternity."
(Erdman 442)


Marriage of Heaven and Earth, Proverbs of Hell, 
"Eternity is in love with the productions of time."
(Erdman 36)

Notebook Title Eternity"
"He who binds to himself a joy 
Does the winged life destroy
But he who kisses the joy as it flies
Lives in eternity's sun rise"
(Erdman 470)

In the Preface of Milton:
"Rouze up O Young Men of the New Age! set your foreheads
against the ignorant Hirelings! For we have Hirelings in the
Camp, the Court, & the University: who would if they could, for
ever depress Mental & prolong Corporeal War. Painters! on you I
call! Sculptors! Architects! Suffer not the fash[i]onable Fools
to depress your powers by the prices they pretend to give for
contemptible works or the expensive advertizing boasts that they
make of such works; believe Christ & his Apostles that there is a
Class of Men whose whole delight is in Destroying. We do not
want either Greek or Roman Models if we are but just & true to
our own Imaginations, those Worlds of Eternity in which we shall
live for ever; in Jesus our Lord."
(Erdman 95)
(A wonderful passage! He's saying that 'our own imaginations' are
Eternal and Immortal.)

And in Plate 14 of Milton we read:
"And Milton said. I go to Eternal Death! Eternity shudder'd
For he took the outside course, among the graves of the dead
A mournful shade. Eternity shudderd at the image of eternal death"


Milton, Plate 23 [35], (E 132) 
"Whatever can be Created can be Annihilated Forms cannot 
The Oak is cut down by the Ax, the Lamb falls by the Knife 
But their Forms Eternal Exist, For-ever. Amen Halle[l]ujah 
Thus they converse with the Dead watching round the Couch of Death. 
For God himself enters Death's Door always with those that enter 
And lays down in the Grave with them, in Visions of Eternity 
Till they awake & see Jesus & the Linen Clothes lying 
That the Females had Woven for them, & the Gates of their Fathers House"





Saturday, December 7, 2013

bible3 Great Eternity

The Four Zoas begins in Night 1 with an altercation  of Tharmas and his 'wife', Enion in Erdman 303:
"A Frowning Continent appeard Where Enion in the Desart
Terrified in her own Creation, viewing her woven shadow
Sat in a dread intoxication of Repentance & Contrition           

There is from Great Eternity a mild & pleasant rest
Namd Beulah a Soft Moony Universe feminine lovely 
Pure mild & Gentle given in Mercy to those who sleep
Eternally. Created by the Lamb of God around
On all sides within & without the Universal Man
The Daughters of Beulah follow sleepers in all their Dreams
Creating Spaces lest they fall into Eternal Death 
             

from The Independent
5 Dec 02013
The figure of Albion, a personification of humanity and of 
Britain, is freeing himself from the shackles of materialism.
(From British Museum)

The Circle of Destiny complete they gave to it a Space
And namd the Space Ulro & brooded over it in care & love
They said The Spectre is in every man insane & most
Deformd     Thro the three heavens descending in fury & fire
We meet it with our Songs & loving blandishments & give          
To it a form of vegetation But this Spectre of Tharmas
Is Eternal Death What shall we do O God pity & help             
So spoke they & closd the Gate of the Tongue in trembling 
fear
What have I done! said Enion accursed wretch! What deed."  Well this is a mouthful! Follow these links, and you will get a new understanding of William Blake. The second appearance of Eternal Death casts it in a new light.



Wednesday, December 4, 2013

bible3 sin -


Although we frequently read about 'sin' in Blake's myth, Blake did not believe in sin: it was related to the Fall, to materiality, to the fallen world, so every time he spoke of 'sin' or anything else concern how things are in the 'world', from which we are scheduled to escape in due course.

                                 In Milton

PLATE 5
 Palamabron with the fiery Harrow in morning returning 
From breathing fields. Satan fainted beneath the artillery 
Christ took on Sin in the Virgins Womb, & put it off on the Cross 
All pitied the piteous & was wrath with the wrathful & Los heard it.

In Plate 13 he wrote
 pity the repentant Leutha. My            
Sick Couch bears the dark shades of Eternal Death infolding
The Spectre of Satan. he furious refuses to repose in sleep
humbly bow in all my Sin before the Throne Divine.
Not so the Sick-one; Alas what shall be done him to restore?
Who calls the Individual Law, Holy: and despises the Saviour.
Glorying to involve Albions Body in fires of eternal War--
Now Leutha ceas'd: tears flow'd: but the Divine Pity), supported her. 
All is my fault! We are the Spectre of Luvah the murderer.Of Albion: 
O Vala! O Luvah! O Albion! O lovely Jerusalem 
The Sin was begun in Eternity, and will not rest to Eternity
Till two Eternitys meet together, Ah! lost! lost! lost! for ever!
So Leutha spoke

From Milton Plate 29:
But in the Optic vegetative Nerves Sleep was transformed
To Death in old time by Satan the father of Sin & Death
And Satan is the Spectre of Orc & Orc is the generate Luvah
(Erdman 127)

From Milron Plate 39:
The Eternal Great Humanity Divine surrounded by 
His Cherubim & Seraphim in ever happy Eternity 
Beneath sat Chaos: Sin on his right hand Death on his left 
Ancient Night spread over all the heavn his Mantle of Laws

                                  And in Jerusalem

Plate 13 (Erdman 163)
Cast! Cast ye Jerusalem forth! The Shadow of delusions!
The Harlot daughter! Mother of pity and dishonourable forgiveness
Our Father Albions sin and shame! But father now no more!
Nor sons! nor hateful peace & love, nor soft complacencies
With transgressors meeting in brotherhood around the table,
Or in the porch or garden. No more the sinful delights
Of age and youth and boy and girl and animal and herb,
And river and mountain, and city & village, and house & family.


Plate 20
Jerusalem answer'd with soft tears over the valleys.
O Vala what is Sin? that thou shudderest and weepest
At sight of thy once lov'd Jerusalem! What is Sin but a little
Error & fault that is soon forgiven; but mercy is not a Sin
Nor pity nor love nor kind forgiveness! O! if I have Sinned
Forgive & pity me! O! unfold thy Veil in mercy & love!
Slay not my little ones, beloved Virgin daughter of Babylon
Slay not my infant loves & graces, beautiful daughter of Moab
I cannot put off the human form I strive but strive in vain
When Albion rent thy beautiful net of gold and silver twine;
Thou hadst woven it with art, thou hadst caught me in the bands
Of love; thou refusedst to let me go: Albion beheld thy beauty
Beautiful thro' our Love's comeliness, beautiful thro' pity.
The Veil shone with thy brightness in the eyes of Albion,
Because it inclosd pity & love; because we lov'd one-another!
Albion lov'd thee! he rent thy Veil! he embrac'd thee! he lov'd thee!
Astonish'd at his beauty & perfection, thou forgavest his furious love:
I redounded from Albions bosom in my virgin loveliness.
The Lamb of God reciev'd me in his arms he smil'd upon us: 
He made me his Bride & Wife: he gave thee to Albion.
Then was a time of love: O why is it passed away!(Erdman 165)

















In Descriptions of the Last Judgment at Erdman 556:
……………………………………………...another demon with a
Key has the charge of Sin & is dragging her down by the hair 
beside them a figure is seen scaled with iron scales from head 
to feet precipitating himself into the Abyss with the Sword
The Spectator may suppose them Clergymen in the Pulpit Scourging 
Sin instead of Forgiving it
(Edman 557)

Monday, December 2, 2013

bible3 Jesus

Blake wrote Tirzah:                              


Whate'er is born of mortal birth

Must be consumèd with the earth,
To rise from generation free:
Then what have I to do with thee?
The sexes sprung from shame and pride,
Blowed in the morn, in evening died;
But mercy changed death into sleep;
The sexes rose to work and weep.
Thou, mother of my mortal part,
With cruelty didst mould my heart,
And with false self-deceiving tears
Didst blind my nostrils, eyes, and ears,
Didst close my tongue in senseless clay,
And me to mortal life betray.
The death of Jesus set me free:
Then what have I to do with thee?"

From UNC Analysis

The art bordering the poem provides the reader with an incite to what the poem means. In the picture, there are two women leaning over a naked man or looks weak or dead. They seem to be trying to pull him up to sit. On the other side, an old man with a long beard bows over the man on the ground while holding a pitcher to him. On the old man’s clothing, the phrase “It is Raised/a Spiritual Body” is written from 1 Corinthians 15:44 of the King James Bible (Eaves). The people standing around the weak man resemble those present when Jesus was about to rise from the dead, implying that the man laying before the women is a representation of Jesus. The Bible states in several places that women found Jesus. It looks as if they are trying to lift him up so the old man, possibly symbolizing God, can pour everlasting life into him. The way the weak man is laying signifies Jesus’ body on the cross. His legs are crossed and straight, and his head is limp. In the background, the apple tree represents the sin that created the situation. Jesus had to come down to save mankind after Adam and Eve ate from the Tree of Knowledge. There are seven fruits on the tree, in Blake’s illustration, perhaps portraying the seven deadly sins: Lust, Gluttony, Greed, Sloth, Wrath, Envy, and Pride (King James Bible)

                   A Memorable Fancy

  Once I saw a Devil in a flame of fire. who arose before an
Angel that sat on a cloud. and the Devil utterd these words.
  The worship of God is.  Honouring his gifts in other men
each according to his genius. and loving the [PL 23] greatest men
best, those who envy or calumniate great men hate God, for there
is no other God.
  The Angel hearing this became almost blue but mastering
himself he grew yellow, & at last white pink & smiling, and then
replied,
  Thou Idolater, is not God One? & is not he visible in Jesus
Christ? and has not Jesus Christ given his sanction to the law of
ten commandments and are not all other men fools, sinners, &
nothings?
  The Devil answer'd; bray a fool in a morter with wheat. yet
shall not his folly be beaten out of him: if Jesus Christ is the
greatest man, you ought to love him in the greatest degree; now
hear how he has given his sanction to the law of ten
commandments: did he not mock at the sabbath, and so mock the
sabbaths God? murder those who were murderd because of him? turn
away the law from the woman taken in adultery? steal the labor of
others to support him? bear false witness when he omitted making
a defence before Pilate? covet when he pray'd for his disciples,
and when he bid them shake off the dust of their feet against
such as refused to lodge them? I tell you, no virtue can exist
without breaking these ten commandments: Jesus was all virtue,
and acted from im[PL 24]pulse: not from rules.
  When he had so spoken: I beheld the Angel who stretched out
his arms embracing the flame of fire & he was consumed and arose
as Elijah.
(Erdman 43; MHH)


Then those in Great Eternity met in the Council of God
As one Man for contracting their Exalted Senses
They behold Multitude or Expanding they behold as one
As One Man all the Universal family & that one Man
They call Jesus the Christ & they in him & he in them
Live in Perfect harmony in Eden the land of life
Consulting as One Man above the Mountain of Snowdon Sublime
(Erdman 310-11)


1 Corinthians 15:44
King James Version (KJV)
44 It is sown a natural body; it is raised a spiritual body.